Tribology and Materials | Volume 4 | Issue 3 | 2025 | 165-176
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https://doi.org/10.46793/tribomat.2025.013
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Interaction effect and optimisation of temperature and residence time of co-pyrolysis for liquid fuel production
Elvis Adril
1,
Maheka Restu Araliz1,
Indra Mamad Gandidi2,
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto2,
Arinal Hamni3
1 Politeknik Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
2 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia
3 Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
Abstract: Increasing the added value of multi-component municipal
solid waste (MSW) through thermochemical conversion provides dual
benefits: reducing urban waste accumulation and generating renewable
energy. In rapidly growing urban areas with increasing waste volumes,
the urgency of converting waste into fuel is necessary. This study
optimises pyrolysis process parameters to improve the yield and quality
of liquid fuel derived from MSW. Using response surface methodology
(RSM) and desirability function technique (DFT) allows optimal parameter
prediction and minimises experimental costs. Experiments were conducted
using a two-stage fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor with natural dolomite as a
catalyst. Central composite design (CCD) was applied to ensure
statistical reliability. The results show a nonlinear effect of
temperature on the liquid and provide a maximum yield of 30.8 wt. %,
while time plays a greater role in increasing the energy density to 9978
kcal/kg. The model showed a high coefficient of determination (R2 =
0.9571) with optimal parameters identified at a temperature of 488.3 °C
and a time of 202.1 minutes, and produced a liquid fuel with
physicochemical characteristics comparable to commercial diesel. This
study introduces a strategic pathway to accelerate the valorisation of
MSW into high-quality fuels, which strengthens sustainable MSW
management initiatives.
Keywords: liquid fuel, municipal solid waste, co-pyrolysis, RSM, DFT.
Received: 10-07-2025, Revised: 19-08-2025, Accepted: 23-08-2025
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which allows users to distribute, remix, adapt,
and build upon the material in any medium or format for non-commercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
2 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia
3 Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
Abstract: Increasing the added value of multi-component municipal solid waste (MSW) through thermochemical conversion provides dual benefits: reducing urban waste accumulation and generating renewable energy. In rapidly growing urban areas with increasing waste volumes, the urgency of converting waste into fuel is necessary. This study optimises pyrolysis process parameters to improve the yield and quality of liquid fuel derived from MSW. Using response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability function technique (DFT) allows optimal parameter prediction and minimises experimental costs. Experiments were conducted using a two-stage fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor with natural dolomite as a catalyst. Central composite design (CCD) was applied to ensure statistical reliability. The results show a nonlinear effect of temperature on the liquid and provide a maximum yield of 30.8 wt. %, while time plays a greater role in increasing the energy density to 9978 kcal/kg. The model showed a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9571) with optimal parameters identified at a temperature of 488.3 °C and a time of 202.1 minutes, and produced a liquid fuel with physicochemical characteristics comparable to commercial diesel. This study introduces a strategic pathway to accelerate the valorisation of MSW into high-quality fuels, which strengthens sustainable MSW management initiatives.
Keywords: liquid fuel, municipal solid waste, co-pyrolysis, RSM, DFT.
Received: 10-07-2025, Revised: 19-08-2025, Accepted: 23-08-2025
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which allows users to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for non-commercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.