Tribology and Materials | Volume 5 | Issue 2 | 2026 | 74-80
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https://doi.org/10.46793/tribomat.2026.011
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Transition metal dithiophosphates as antioxidant additives for engine oils
Anna Peskovets
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Nikita Semenov,
Nikolay Pugachev
National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University", Moscow, Russia
Abstract: Currently, diaryl- and dialkyldithiophosphates of zinc, molybdenum and rarely barium are widely used as antioxidant and anti-wear additives for engine oils, while little attention has been paid to studies of dithiophosphates of other metals in the scientific literature. This article will consider transition metal dithiophosphates (copper and cobalt), the methods of their synthesis, and the antioxidant properties estimated by the HTCO (high-temperature catalytic oxidation) method (through polymer degradation and refractive index). The antioxidant properties of these compounds are compared with those of zinc dithiophosphate. The antioxidant efficacy of transition metal dithiophosphates (copper and cobalt) in extremely low concentrations has been shown. Special attention is paid to this topic not only to enhance existing characteristics but also to find innovative solutions to improve the efficiency of motor oils in modern operating conditions using transition metal dithiophosphates.
Keywords: metal dithiophosphates, antioxidant additives, engine oils.
Received: 23-04-2025, Revised: 08-06-2025, Accepted: 30-07-2025
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which allows users to distribute, remix, adapt,
and build upon the material in any medium or format for non-commercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
Abstract: Currently, diaryl- and dialkyldithiophosphates of zinc, molybdenum and rarely barium are widely used as antioxidant and anti-wear additives for engine oils, while little attention has been paid to studies of dithiophosphates of other metals in the scientific literature. This article will consider transition metal dithiophosphates (copper and cobalt), the methods of their synthesis, and the antioxidant properties estimated by the HTCO (high-temperature catalytic oxidation) method (through polymer degradation and refractive index). The antioxidant properties of these compounds are compared with those of zinc dithiophosphate. The antioxidant efficacy of transition metal dithiophosphates (copper and cobalt) in extremely low concentrations has been shown. Special attention is paid to this topic not only to enhance existing characteristics but also to find innovative solutions to improve the efficiency of motor oils in modern operating conditions using transition metal dithiophosphates.
Keywords: metal dithiophosphates, antioxidant additives, engine oils.
Received: 23-04-2025, Revised: 08-06-2025, Accepted: 30-07-2025
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which allows users to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for non-commercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.